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IELTS Cambridge 6 Test 1 Reading Answers





IELTS Cambridge 6 Test 1 Reading Answers 



Australia's Sporting Success Reading Answers 
IELTS Cambridge 6 Test 1 Reading Answers

READING PASSAGE I
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below

Australia's Sporting Success



They play hard, they play often, and they pray to win, Australian sports teams win more than their fair share of titles, demolishing rivals with seeming ease. How do they do it? A big part of the secret is an extensive and expensive network of sporting academies underpinned by science and medicine. At the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), hundreds of youngsters and pros live and train under the eyes of coaches. Another body; the Australian Sports Commission (A SC)„ finances programs of excellence in a total of 96 sports for thousands of sportsmen and women. Both provide intensive coaching, training facilities, and nutritional advice.



Inside the academies, science takes center stage. The AI S employs more than I 00 sports scientists and doctors and collaborates with scores of others in universities and research centers. AI scientists work across a number of sports, applying skills learned in one — such as building muscle strength in golfers — to others, such as swimming and squash. They are backed up by technicians who design instruments to collect data from athletes. They all focus on one aim: winning can't waste our time looking at ethereal scientific questions that don't help the coach work with an athlete and improve performance,' says Peter Fr icker; chief of science at AIS.



A lot of their work comes down to measurement — everything from the exact angle of a swimmer's dive to the second-by-second power output of a cyclist. This data is used to wring improvements out of athletes. The focus is on individuals, tweaking performances to squeeze an extra hundredth of a second here, an extra millimeter there. No gain is too slight to bother with, It's the tiny gradual improvements that add up to world-beating results, To demonstrate how the system works, Bruce Mason at AI S shows off the prototype of a 3D analysis tool for studying swimmers. A wire-frame model of a champion swimmer slices through the water her arms moving in slow motion. 

Looking side-on, Mason measures the distance between strokes. From above, he analyses how her spine swivels_ When fully developed, this system will enable him to build a biomechanical profile for coaches to use to help budding swimmers. Mason's contribution to sport also includes the development of the SWAN (SWimming ANalysis) the system now used in Australian national competitions. It collects images from digital cameras running at 50 frames a second and breaks down each part of a swimmer's performance into factors that can be analyzed individually — stroke length, stroke frequency. the average duration of each stroke. velocity start, lap and finish times, and so on. At the end of each race, SWAN spits out data on each swimmer


D '

Take a look.: says Mason. pulling out a sheet of data He points out the data on the swimmers in second and third place. which shows that the one who finished third actually swam faster So why did he finish 35 hundredths of a second down? His turn times were 44 hundredths of a second behind the other guy' says Masonlf he can improve on his turns, he can do much better: This is the kind of accuracy that AI S scientists' research is bringing to a range of sports, With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technology in Melbourne. they are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athlete's clothes or running shoes to monitor heart rate, sweating, heat production, or any other factor that might have an impact on an athlete's ability to run. There's more to it than simply measuring performance. 

Fricker gives the example of athletes who may be down with coughs and colds I 1 or I 2 times a year: After years of experimentation, AIS and the University of Newcastle in New South Wales developed a test that measures how much of the immune-system protein immunoglobulin A is present in athletes' saliva. If IgA levels suddenly fall below a certain level. training is eased or dropped altogether. Soon. IgA levels start rising again, and the danger passes. Since the test was introduced, AI S athletes in all sports have been remarkably successful at staying healthy.



Using data is a complex business, Well before a championship, sports scientists and coaches start to prepare the athlete by developing a competition model', based on what they expect will be the winning times.' You design the model to make that time: says Mason. 'A start of this much. each free-swimming period has to be this fast, with a certain stroke frequency and stroke length. with turns done in these times,' All the training is then geared towards making the athlete hit those targets, both overall and for each segment of the race. Techniques Ike these have transformed Australia into arguably the world's most successful sporting nation.



Of course. there's nothing to stop other countries copying — and many have tried. Some years ago, the AIS unveiled coolant-lined jackets for endurance athletes. At the Atlanta Olympic Games in I 996, these sliced as much as two percent off cyclists' and rowers' times, 

Now everyone uses them. The same has happened to the 'altitude tent', developed by Al5 to replicate the effect of altitude training at sea level. But Australia's success story is about more than easily copied technological fixes, and up to now, no nation has replicated its all-encompassing system.


Questions 1-7
Reading Passage l has six paragraphs, A-F.
Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, 4-F, in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once

1 a reference to the exchange of expertise between different sports
an explanation of bow visual imaging is employed in investigations

3 a reason for narrowing the scope of research activity

4 how some AIS ideal have been reproducing

5 how obstacles to optimum achievement can be in.vestigated

6 an overview of the funded support of at

7 how performance requirements are calculated before an event


Questions 8-11
Classify the following techniques according to whether the writer states them

A are currently exclusively used by Australians
B will be used in the future by Australians
C are currently used by both Australians and their rivals

Write the correct Leiter, A, B, or CI in boxes 8-11 on your answer sheet.

8 cameras
9 sensors
10 protein tests
11 altitude tents

Reading Questions 12 and 13 Answer the questions below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 12 and 13 on your answer sheet,

12 What is produced to help an athlete plan their performance in an event?
13 By how much did some cyclists' performance improve at the 1996 Olympic Games?



Delivering The Goods Reading Answers Cambridge 6 Test 1

Climate Change and the Inuit Reading Answers Cambridge 6 Test 1






Delivering The Goods Reading Answers 
IELTS Cambridge 6 Test 1 Reading Answers

READING PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2  

Delivering The Goods 




International trade is growing at a startling pace. While the global economy has been expanding at a bit over 3% a year, the volume of trade has been rising at a compound annual rate of about twice that. Foreign products, from meat to machinery, play a more important role in &nos' every economy in the world, and foreign markets now tempt businesses that never much worried about sales beyond their nation's borders.



What lies behind this explosion in international commerce? The general worldwide decline in trade barriers, such as customs duties and import quotas, is surely one explanation. The economic opening of countries that have tradi4onally been minor players is another. But one force behind the import-export boom has passed all but unnoticed: the rapidly falling cost of getting goods to market. Theoretically, in the world of trade, shipping costs do not matter. Goods, once they have been made, are assumed to move in and at no cost from place to place. The real walla, however, is full of frictions_ Cheap labor may make Chinese clothing competitive in America, but if delays in shipment tie up working capital and cause winter coats to arrive in spring, trade may lose its advantages.




At the turn of the 20th century, agriculture and manufacturing were the two most important
sectors almost everywhere, accounting for about 70% of total output in Germany, Italy and France, and 40-50% in America, Britain and Japan_ International commerce was therefore dominated by raw materials, such as wheat, wood, and iron ore, or processed commodities, such as meat and steel. But these sorts of products are heavy and bulky..and the Cost of transporiin9 them relatively high.




Countries still trade disproportionately with their geographic neighbors. Over time, however, world output has shifted into goods-worth is unrelated to their size and weight. Today, it is finished manufactured products that dominate the flow of trade, and, thanks to technological advances such as lightweight components, manufactured goods themselves have tended to become lighter and less bulky. As a result, less transportation is required for s•very dollar's worth of imports or exports.




To see how this influences trade, consider the business of making disk drives for computers_ Most of the world's disk-drive manufacturing is concentrated in South-east Asia. This is
possible only because disk drives, while valuable, are small and light and so cost fitter to ship. Computer manufacturers in Japan or Texas will not face hugely bigger freight bills if they import drives from Singapore rather than purchasing them on the domestic market_ Distance, therefore, poses no obstacle to the globalization of the disk-drive industry.




This is even more true of the fast-growing information industries. Films and compact discs cost little to transport, even by airplane. Computer software can be "exported' without ever loading it onto a ship, simply by transmitting it over telephone lines from one country to another, so freight rates and cargo-handling schedules become insignificant factors in decking were to make the product. Businesses can locate based on other considerations, such as the availability of labour while worrying less about the cost of delivering their output.




In many countries, deregulation has helped to drive the process along. But, behind the scenes, a series of technological innovations known broadly as containerization and Mier-modal transportation has led to swift productivity improvements in cargo-handling. Forty years ago, the process of exporting or importing involved a great many stages of handling, which risked portions of the shipment being damaged or stolen along the way. The invention of the container crane made il possible to load and unload containers without capsizing the ship and the adoption of standard container sizes allowed almost any box to be transported on any ship. By 1967, dual-purpose ships, carrying loose cargo in the hold' and containers on the deck, were giving way to all-container vessels that moved thousands of boxes at a time.




The shipping container transformed ocean shipping into a highly efficient, intensely competitive business_ But getting the cargo to and from the dock was a different story. National governments, by and large, kept a much firmer hand on truck and railroad tariffs than on charges for ocean freight. This started changing. however, in the mid-1970s, when America began to deregulate its transportation industry First airlines, then road haulers and railways, were freed from restrictions on what they could carry, where they could haul it, and what price they could charge. Big productivity gains resulted. Between 1985 and 1986, for example, America's freight railways dramatically reduced their employment, trackage, and their fleets of locomotives - while increasing the amount of cargo they hauled. Europe's railways have also shown marked, albeit smaller, productivity improvements.



I

In America, the period of huge productivity gains in transportation may be almost over, but in most countries, the process still has far to go_ State ownership of railways and airlines, regulation of freight rates and toleration of anti-competitive practices, such as cargo-handling monopolies, all keep the cost of shipping unnecessarily high and deter international trade. Bringing these barriers down would help the world's economies grow even closer.


Questions 14-47

Reading Passage 2 has nine paragraphs, A-1.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A-4, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.

14 a suggestion for improving trade in the future
15 the effects of the introduction of electronic delivery
16 the similar cost involved in transporting a product from abroad or from a local supplier
17 the weakening relationship between the value of goods and the cost of their delivery

Questions 18-22
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2? In boxes 18-22 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

18 International trade is increasing at a greater rate than the world economy.
19 Cheap labor guarantees effective trade conditions
20 Japan imports more meat and steel than France.
21 Most countries continue to prefer to trade with nearby nations.
22 Small computer components are manufactured in Germany.

Questions 23-26
Complete the summary using the list of words A-K below. -
Write the correct letter, A-K in boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet.

THE TRANSPORT REVOLUTION
Modern cargo-handling methods have had a significant effect on 23..............as the business of moving freight around the world becomes streamlined. Manufacturers of computers, for instance, are able to import 24 ................ from overseas, rather than having to rely on a local supplier. The introduction of 25..............has meant that bulk cargo can be sated y and efficiently moved over long distances. While international shipping is now efficient, there is still a need for governments to reduce 26............. in order to tree up the domestic cargo sector.

A tariffs B components C container ships
D output E employees F insurance Costs
G trade H freight I fares
J software K international standards






Climate Change and the Inuit Reading Answers 
IELTS Cambridge 6 Test 1 Reading Answers


READING PASSAGE 3
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.

Climate Change and
the Inuit


The threat posed by climate change in the
The Arctic and the problems faced by Canada's Inuit people




Unusual incidents. are being reported across the Arctic. Inuit families going off on snowmobiles to prepare their summer hunting camps have found themselves out off from home by a sea of mud, following early thaws, There are reports of igloos losing their insulating properties as the snow drips and refreezes, of sakes draining into the sea as permafrost melts, and sea ice breaking up earlier than usual, carrying seals beyond the reach of hunters. Climate change may still be a rather abstract idea
to most of us, but in the Arctic, it is already having dramatic effects - if summertime ice continues to shrink at its present rate, the Arctic Ocean could soon become virtually ice-free in summer. The knock-on effects are likely to include more warming, cloudier skies, increased precipitation, and higher sea levels. Scientists are increasingly keen to find out what's going on because they consider the Arctic the 'canary in the mine' for global warming a warning of what's in store for the rest of the world.




For the Inuit the problem is urgent, They live in precarious balance with one of the toughest environments on earth. Climate change, whatever its causes, is a direct threat to their way of life_ Nobody knows the Arctic as well as the locals, which is why they are not content simply to stand back and let outside experts tell them what's happening. In Canada,. where the Inuit people are jealously guarding their hard-won autonomy in the country's newest territory, Nunavut, they believe their best hope of survival in this changing environment lies in combining their ancestral knowledge with the best of modern science. This is a challenge in itself.




The Canadian Arctic is a vast, treeless polar desert that's covered with snow for most of the year. Venture into this terrain and you get some idea of the hardships facing anyone who calls this home. Farming is out of the question and nature offers meager pickings. Humans first settled in the Arctic a mere 4,500 years ago, surviving by exploiting sea mammals and fish. The environment tested them to the limits: sometimes the colonists were successful, sometimes they failed and vanished. But around a thousand years ago, one group emerged that was uniquely well adapted to cope with the Arctic
environment. These Thule people moved in from Alaska, bringing kayaks, sled's, dogs, pottery and iron tools. They are the ancestors of today's Inuit people.



D

Life for the descendants of the Thule people is still harsh. Nunavut is 1.9 million square kilometers of rock and ice, and a handful of islands around the North Pole. It's currently home to 2,500 people, all but a handful of the indigenous Inuit. Over the past 40 years, most have abandoned their nomadic ways and settled in the territory's 28 isolated communities, but they still rely heavily on nature to provide food and clothing. Provisions available in local shops have to be flown into Nunavut on one of the most costly air networks in the world, or brought by supply ship during the few ice-free weeks of summer. It would cost a family around 7,000 pounds a year to replace meat they obtained themselves through hunting with imported meat. Economic opportunities are scarce, and for many people, state benefits are their only income.





While the Inuit may not actually starve if hunting and trapping are curtailed by climate change, there has certainly been an impact on people's health. Obesity, heart disease, and diabetes are beginning to appear in people for whom these have never before been problems. There has been a crisis of identity as the traditional skills of hunting, trapping, and preparing skins have begun to disappear. In Nunavut's 'igloo and email' society, where adults who were born in igloos have children who may never have been out on the land, there's a high incidence of depression.





With so much at stake, the Inuit are determined to play a key role in teasing out the mysteries of climate change in the Arctic. Having survived there for centuries, they believe their wealth of traditional knowledge is vital to the task, And Western scientists are starting to draw on this wisdom, increasingly referred to as 'Inuit
Qaujirnajatugangit'„ or IQ_ 'In the early day's scientists ignored us when they came up here to study anything. They just figured these people don't know very much so we won't ask them,' says John Amagoalik, an Inuit leader and politician. 'But in recent years IQ has had much more credibility and weight.' In fact, it is now a requirement for anyone hoping to get permission to do research that they consult the communities, who are helping to set the research agenda to reflect their most important concerns. They can turn down applications from scientists they believe will work against their interests or research projects that will impinge too much on their daily lives and traditional activities.





Some scientists doubt the value of traditional knowledge because the occupation of the Arctic doesn't go back far enough_ Others, however, point out that the first weather stations in the far north date back just SO years. There are still huge gaps in our environmental knowledge, and despite the scientific onslaught, many predictions are no more than best guesses. I could help to bridge the gap and resolve the tremendous uncertainty about how much of what we're seeing is natural capriciousness and how much is the consequence of human activity.



Questions 27-32
Reading, Passage 3 has seven paragraphs! A—C,
Choose the correct heading for paragraph A-G from the given of headings below.
Write the correct number i—ii, in boxes 27-32. on your answer sheet.

List of Headings

The reaction of t1i Inuit community to climate change
ii Understanding of climate change remains limited
iii Alternative sources of essential supplies
iv Respect for Inuit opinion grows
A healthier choice of food
vi A difficult landscape
vii Negative effects on well-being
viii Alarm caused by unprecedented events in the Arctic
ix The benefits of an easier existence


    Example         Answer

     Paragraph A        vii

27 Paragraph B
28 Paragraph C
29 Paragraph D
30 Paragraph E
31 Paragraph F
32 Paragraph G



Writing Questions 33-40
Complete the summary of paragraphs C and D below
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from paragraphs C and D for each answer Write your answers in boxes 33-40 on your answer sheet.

If you visit the Canadian Arctic, you immediately appreciate the problems faced by people for whom this is home It would clearly be impossible for the people to engage33..............as a means of supporting themselves. For thousands of years, they have had to rely on catching 34................and 35...............as a means of sustenance. The harsh surroundings saw many who tried to settle there pushed to their clients, although some were successful. The 36................people were an example of the latter and for them, the environment did not prove unmanageable. For the present inhabitants, life continues to be a struggle. The territory of Nunavut consists of little more than ice, rock and a few 37................. In recent years, many of them have been obliged to give up their lifestyle, but they continue to depend mainly on 39.................for their food and clothes. 40.................... produce is particularly expensive.





Australia's Sporting Success Reading Answers 
IELTS Cambridge 6 Test 1 Reading Answers

1. B
2. C
3. B
4. F
5. D
6. A
7. E
8. A
9. B
10. A
11. C
12. Competition model
13. 2%



Question 1-7:


1. B (para B, first 4 lines: ―Inside the academies, science takes center stage. The AIS
employs more than I00 sports scientists and doctors and collaborates with scores of others in universities and research centers. AlS scientists work across a number of sports, applying skills learned in one - such as building muscle strength in golfers - to others, such as swimming and squash‖)

2. C (para C, last 5 lines: ―system now used in Australian national competitions. It collects
images from digital cameras running at 50 frames a second and breaks down each part of a swimmer's performance into factors that can be analyzed individually — stroke length, stroke frequency, the average duration of each stroke, velocity, start, lap and finish times, and so on. At the end of each race. SWAN spits out data on each swimmer.‖)

3. B (para B, last 4 lines: ―up by technicians who design instruments to collect data from
athletes. They all focus on one aim: winning. ‗We can't waste our time looking at ethereal scientific  questions  that  don't  help  the  coach  work  with  an  athlete  and  improve performance.‘ says Peter Fricker, chief of science at AIS.‖)

4. F (para F, first 5 lines: ―Of course, there's nothing to stop other countries copying - and
many have tried. Some years ago, the AIS unveiled coolant-lined jackets for endurance athletes. At the Atlanta Olympic Games in l996.these sliced as much as two percent off cyclists‘ and rowers' times. Now everyone uses them. The same has happened to the altitude tent‘, developed by AIS to replicate the effect of altitude training at sea level.‖)

5. D (para D, last 6 lines: ―the example of athletes who may be down with coughs and colds
11 or 12 times a year. After years of experimentation, AIS and the University of Newcastle in New South Wales developed a test that measures how much of the immune-
system protein immunoglobulin A is present in athletes' saliva. If large levels suddenly fall below a certain level, training is eased or dropped altogether. Soon, lgA levels start rising again, and the danger passes. Since the tests were introduced. AIS athletes in all sports have been remarkably successful at staying healthy.‖)

6. A (para A, last 3 lines: ―pros live and train under the eyes of coaches. Another body, the
Australian Sports Commission (ASC), finances programs of excellence in a total of 96 sports for thousands of sportsmen and women. Both provide intensive coaching, training facilities and nutritional advice.‖)

7. E (para E, first 3 lines: ―Using data is a complex business. Well before a championship,
sports scientists and coaches start to prepare the athlete by developing a ‗competition model‘, based on what they expect will be the winning times. ‗You design the model to make that time.‗ says Mason.‖)


Question 8-11:

8. A (para C, line 11-12: ―contribution to sport also includes the development of the SWAN 
(SWimming ANalysis) the system now used in Australian national competitions. It collects images from digital cameras‖)

9. B (para D, line 6-7: ―With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technology in 
Melbourne. they are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athlete's clothes or running shoes‖)

10. A (para D, line 11-13: ―years of experimentation, AIS and the University of Newcastle in New South Wales developed a test that measures how much of the immune system protein immunoglobulin A is present in athletes' saliva. If large levels suddenly fall below a certain level. training is eased or dropped altogether‖)

11. C (para F, line 2-5: ―ago, the AIS unveiled coolant-lined jackets for endurance athletes. 
At the Atlanta Olympic Games in l996.these sliced as much as two percent off cyclists‘ and rowers' times. Now everyone uses them. The same has happened to the altitude tent‘, developed by AIS to replicate the effect of altitude training at sea level.‖)

Question 12-13:

12. (a) competition model‘ (para E, first 2 lines: ―Using data is a complex business. Well 
before a championship, sports scientists and coaches start to prepare the athlete by 
developing a ‗competition model‘, based on what they expect‖)

13. (by) 2%‘ (para F, line 2-3: ―ago, the AIS unveiled coolant-lined jackets for endurance 
athletes. At the Atlanta Olympic Games in l996, these sliced as much as two percent off cyclists‘ and rowers' times.‖)



Delivering The Goods Reading Answers 
IELTS Cambridge 6 Test 1 Reading Answers

14. I
15. F
16. E
17. D
18. TRUE
19. FALSE
20. NOT GIVEN
21. TRUE
22. NOT GIVEN
23. TRADE
24. COMPONENTS
25. CONTAINER SHIPS
26. TARIFFS


Question 14-17:

14. I (para I, last 6 lines: ―most countries the process still has far to go. State ownership of railways and airlines, regulation of freight rates, and toleration of anti-competitive practices. such as cargo-handling monopolies, all keep the cost of shipping unnecessarily high and deter international trade. Bringing these barriers down would help the world's 
economies grow even closer.‖)

15. F (para F, last 5 lines: ―cost little to transport, even by airplane. Computer software can be exported‘ without ever loading it onto a ship, simply by transmitting it over telephone lines from one country to another, so freight rates and cargo-handling schedules become insignificant factors in deciding where to make the product. Businesses can locate based


on other considerations, such as the availability of labor, while worrying less about the cost of delivering their output.‖)

16. E (para E, line 4-5: ―ship. Computer manufacturers in Japan or Texas will not face hugely 
bigger freight bills if they import drives from Singapore rather than purchasing them on 
the domestic market.‖)

17. D (last 4 lines: ―it is finished manufactured products that dominate the flow of trade, and, thanks to technological advances such as lightweight components, manufactured goods themselves have tended to become lighter and less bulky. As a result, less transportation is required for every dollar's worth of imports or exports.‖)

Question 18-22:

18. TRUE (para A, first 2 lines: ―International trade is growing at a startling pace. While the 
global economy has been expanding at a bit over 3% a year, the volume oi trade has been 
rising at a compound annual rate of about twice that.‖)

19. FALSE (para B, last 3 lines: ―place to place. The real world, however, is full of frictions. 
Cheap labor may make Chinese clothing competitive in America, but if delays in 
shipment tie up working capital and cause winter coats to arrive in spring, trade may lose 
its advantages.‖)

20. NOT GIVEN

21. TRUE (para D, first line: ―Countries still trade disproportionately with their geographic 
neighbors .‖)

22. NOT GIVEN

Question 23-26:

23. G - trade

24. B - components
(para E, first 5 lines: ―To see how this influences trade, consider the business of making disk drives for computers. Most of the world's disk-drive manufacturing is concentrated in South-east Asia. This is possible only because disk drives, while valuable, are small and light and so cost little to ship. Computer manufacturers in Japan or Texas will not face hugely bigger freight bills if they import drives from Singapore rather than purchasing them on the domestic market.‖)

25. C - container ships (para G, line 5-8: ―which risked portions of the shipment being damaged or stolen along the way. The invention of the container crane made it possible to load and unload containers without capsizing the ship and the adoption of standard container sizes allowed almost any box to be transported on any ship.‖)

26. A - tariffs (para H, first 4 lines: ―The shipping container transformed ocean shipping into a highly efficient, intensely competitive business But getting the cargo to and from the dock was a different story. National governments, by and large, kept a much firmer hand on truck and railroad tariffs than on charges for ocean freight.‖)



Climate Change and the Inuit Reading Answers 
IELTS Cambridge 6 Test 1 Reading Answers

27. i
28. vi
29. iii
30. vii
31. iv
32. ii
33. farming
34. sea mammals
35. fish
36. Thule
37. islands
38. nomadic
39. nature
40. imported



Question 27-32:

27. i (para B, last 4 lines: ―In Canada, where the Inuit people are jealously guarding their hard-won autonomy in the country's newest territory, Nunavut, they believe their best hope of survival in this changing environment lies in combining their ancestral knowledge with the best of modern science. This is a challenge in itself.‖)

28. vi (para C, first 3 lines: ―The Canadian Arctic is a vast, treeless polar desert that's covered with snow for most of the year. Venture into this terrain and you get some idea of the hardships facing anyone who calls this home.‖)

29. iii (para D, first 3 lines: ―Life for the descendants of the Thule people is still harsh. Nunavut is 1.9 million square kilometers of rock and ice, and a handful of islands around the North Pole. It's currently home to 2,500 people, all but a handful of the indigenous Inuit.‖)

30. vii (para E, first 4 lines: ―While the Inuit may not actually starve if hunting and trapping are curtailed by climate change, there has certainly been an impact on people's health. 
Obesity, heart disease, and diabetes are beginning to appear in a people for whom these 
have never before been problems‖)
31. iv (para F, first 5 lines: ―With so much at stake, the Inuit are determined to play a key role in teasing out the mysteries of climate change in the Arctic. Having survived there for centuries, they believe their wealth of traditional knowledge is vital to the task. And Western scientists are starting to draw on this wisdom, increasingly referred to as Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit', or IQ.‖)

32. ii (para G, line 3-5: ―stations in the far north date back just 50 years. There are still huge gaps in  our environmental knowledge,  and despite the scientific onslaught,  many predictions are no more than best guesses.‖)


Question 33-40:

33. farming‘ (para C, line 3: ―who calls this home. Farming is out of the question and nature offers meager pickings.‖)

34. sea mammals‘

35. fish‘(para C, line 4-5: ―Humans first settled in the Arctic a mere 4,500 years ago, surviving by exploiting sea mammals and fish.‖)

36. Thule‘ (para C, lines 6-8: ―were successful, sometimes they failed and vanished. But around a thousand years ago, one group emerged that was uniquely well adapted to cope with the Arctic environment. These Thule people moved in from Alaska, bringing kayaks, sleds, dogs‖)

37. islands‘ (para D, first 2 lines: ―Life for the descendants of the Thule people is still harsh. Nunavut is 1.9 million square kilometers of rock and ice, and a handful of islands around the North Pole.‖)

38. nomadic‘ (para D, line 3-4: ―home to 2,500 people, all but a handful of the indigenous Inuit. Over the past 40 years, most have abandoned their nomadic ways and settled in the territory‘: 28 isolated‖)

39. nature‘ (para D, the last line: ―communities, but they still rely heavily on nature to provide food and clothing.‖)

40. imported‘ (para D, part 2, line 3-4: ―of summer. It would cost a family around £7,000 a 

year to replace meat they obtained themselves through hunting with imported meat.‖)








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