IELTS Cambridge 6 Test 2 Reading Answers

IELTS Cambridge 6 Test 2 Reading Answers

Advantages of public transport Reading Answers IELTS Cambridge 6 Test 2 Reading Answers

READING PASSAGE

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage below.

Advantages of public transport

A new study conducted for the World Bank by Murdoch University’s Institute for Science and Technology Policy (ISTP) has demonstrated that public transport is more efficient than cars. The study compared the proportion of wealth poured into transport by thirty-seven cities around the world. This included both the public and private costs of building, maintaining, and using a transport system.

The study found that the Western Australian city of Perth is a good example of a city with minimal public transport. As a result, 17% of its wealth went into transport costs. Some European and Asian cities, on the other hand, spent as little as 5%. Professor Peter Newman, ISTP Director, pointed out that these more efficient cities were able to put the difference into attracting industry and jobs or creating a better place to live.

According to Professor Newman, the larger Australian city of Melbourne is a rather unusual city in this sort of comparison. He describes it as two cities: ‘A European city surrounded by a car-dependent one’. Melbourne’s large tram network has made car use in the inner city much lower, but the outer suburbs have the same car-based structure as most other Australian cities. The explosion in demand for accommodation in the inner suburbs of Melbourne suggests a recent change in many people’s preferences as to where they live.

Newman says this is a new, broader way of considering public transport issues. In the past, the case for public transport has been made on the basis of environmental and social justice considerations rather than economics. Newman, however, believes the study demonstrates that ‘the auto-dependent city model is inefficient and grossly inadequate in economic as well as environmental terms’.

Bicycle use was not included in the study but Newman noted that the two most ‘bicycle-friendly’ cities considered – Amsterdam and Copenhagen – were very efficient, even though their public transport systems were ‘reasonable but not special’.

It is common for supporters of road networks to reject the models of cities with good public transport by arguing that such systems would not work in their particular city. One objection is climate. Some people say their city could not make more use of public transport because it is either too hot or too cold. Newman rejects this, pointing out that public transport has been successful in both Toronto and Singapore and, in fact, he has checked the use of cars against climate and found ‘zero correlation’.

When it comes to other physical features, road lobbies are on stronger ground. For example, Newman accepts it would be hard for a city as hilly as Auckland to develop a really good rail network. However, he points out that both Hong Kong and Zürich have managed to make the success of their rail systems, heavy and light respectively, though there are few cities in the world as hilly.

A     

In fact, Newman believes the main reason for adopting one sort of transport over another is politics: ‘The more democratic the process, the more public transport is favored.’ He considers Portland, Oregon, a perfect example of this. Some years ago, federal money was granted to build a new road. However, local pressure groups forced a referendum over whether to spend the money on light rail instead. The rail proposal won and the railway worked spectacularly well. In the years that have followed, more and more rail systems have been put in, dramatically changing the nature of the city. Newman notes that Portland has about the same population as Perth and had a similar population density at the time.

B     

In the UK, travel times to work had been stable for at least six centuries, with people avoiding situations that required them to spend more than half an hour traveling to work. Trains and cars initially allowed people to live at greater distances without taking longer to reach their destination. However, public infrastructure did not keep pace with urban sprawl, causing massive congestion problems which now make commuting times far higher.

C     

There is a widespread belief that increasing wealth encourages people to live farther out where cars are the only viable transport. The example of European cities refutes that. They are often wealthier than their American counterparts but have not generated the same level of car use. In Stockholm, car use has actually fallen in recent years as the city has become larger and wealthier. A new study makes this point even more starkly. Developing cities in Asia, such as Jakarta and Bangkok, make more use of the car than wealthy Asian cities such as Tokyo and Singapore. In cities that developed later, the World Bank and Asian Development Bank discouraged the building of public transport and people have been forced to rely on cars – creating the massive traffic jams that characterize those cities.

D     

Newman believes one of the best studies on how cities built for cars might be converted to rail use is The Urban Village report, which used Melbourne as an example. It found that pushing everyone into the city center was not the best approach. Instead, the proposal advocated the creation of urban villages at hundreds of sites, mostly around railway stations.

E     

It was once assumed that improvements in telecommunications would lead to more dispersal in the population as people were no longer forced into cities. However, the ISTP team’s research demonstrates that the population and job density of cities rose or remained constant in the 1980s after decades of decline. The explanation for this seems to be that it is valuable to place people working in related fields together. ‘The new world will largely depend on human creativity, and creativity flourishes where people come together face-to-face.’

Questions 1-5

Reading Passage has five paragraphs, A-E. Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number i-viii, in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.

List of Headings

i Avoiding an overcrowded center
ii A successful exercise in people power
iii The benefits of working together in cities
iv Higher incomes need not mean more cars v Economic arguments fail to persuade
vi The impact of telecommunications on population distribution
vii Increases in traveling time
viii Responding to arguments against public transport

1Paragraph A
2 Paragraph B
3 Paragraph C
4 Paragraph D
5  Paragraph E

Questions 6-10

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 6-10 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE
FALSE
NOT GIVEN

if the statement agrees with the information
if the statement contradicts the information
if there is no information on this

6 The ISTP study exon11ned public and private systems 1n every city of the world.
7 Efficient cities con improve the quality of life for their inhabitants.
8 An inner-city tram network is dangerous tor cor drivers.
9 In Melbourne. people prefer to live in the outer suburbs.
10 Cities with high levels of bicycle usage con are efficient even when public transport is only averagely good.

Questions 11-13

look at the following cities (Questions 11-13) and the list of descriptions below.
Match each city with the correct description, A-F.
Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet.

11 Perth
12 Auckland
13 Portland

List of Descriptions

A successfully uses a light rail transport system in a hilly environment
B  successful public transport system despite cold winters
C profitably moved from road to light rail transport system
D hilly and inappropriate for rail transport system
E heavily dependent on cars despite widespread poverty
F inefficient due to a limited public transport system

Greying Population Stays In The Pink Reading Answers IELTS Cambridge 6 Test 2 reading Answers

Reading Answers Passage

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage below.

GREYING POPULATION STAYS IN THE PINK

Elderly people are growing healthier, happier, and more independent, say American scientists. The results of a 14-year study to be announced later this month reveal that the diseases associated with old age are afflicting fewer and fewer people and when they do strike, it is much later in life.

In the last 14 years, the National Long-term Health Care Survey has gathered data on the health and lifestyles of more than 20,000 men and women over 65. Researchers, now analyzing the results of data gathered in 1994, say arthritis, high blood pressure, and circulation problems -the major medical complaints in this age group – are troubling a smaller proportion every year. And the data confirms that the rate at which these diseases are declining continues to accelerate. Other diseases of old age – dementia, stroke, arteriosclerosis, and emphysema – are also troubling fewer and fewer people.

‘It really raises the question of what should be considered normal aging,’ says Kenneth Manton, a demographer from Duke University in North Carolina. He says the problems doctors accepted as normal in a 65-year-old in 1982 are often not appearing until people are 70 or 75.

Clearly, certain diseases are beating a retreat in the face of medical advances. But there may be other contributing factors. Improvements in childhood nutrition in the first quarter of the twentieth century, for example, gave today’s elderly people a better start in life than their predecessors.

On the downside, the data also reveals failures in public health that have caused surges in some illnesses. An increase in some cancers and bronchitis may reflect changing smoking habits and poorer air quality, say the researchers. ‘These may be subtle influences,’ says Manton, ‘but our subjects have been exposed to worse and worse pollution for over 60 years. It’s not surprising we see some effect.’

One interesting correlation Manton uncovered is that better-educated people are likely to live longer. For example, 65-year-old women with fewer than eight years of schooling are expected, on average, to live to 82. Those who continued their education live an extra seven years. Although some of this can be attributed to a higher income, Manton believes it is mainly because educated people seek more medical attention.

The survey also assessed how independent people over 65 were, and again found a striking trend. Almost 80% of those in the 1994 survey could complete everyday activities ranging from eating and dressing unaided to complex tasks such as cooking and managing their finances. That represents a significant drop in the number of disabled old people in the population. If the trends apparent in the United States 14 years ago had continued, researchers calculate there would be an additional one million disabled elderly people in today’s population. According to Manton, slowing the trend has saved the United States government’s Medicare system more than $200 billion, suggesting that the greying of America’s population may prove less of a financial burden than expected.

The increasing self-reliance of many elderly people is probably linked to a massive increase in the use of simple home medical aids. For instance, the use of raised toilet seats has more than doubled since the start of the study, and the use of bath seats has grown by more than 50%. These developments also bring some health benefits, according to a report from the MacArthur Foundation’s research group on successful aging. The group found that those elderly people who were able to retain a sense of independence were more likely to stay healthy in old age.

Maintaining a level of daily physical activity may help mental functioning, says Carl Cotman, a neuroscientist at the University of California at Irvine. He found that rats that exercise on a treadmill have raised levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor coursing through their brains. Cotman believes this hormone, which keeps neurons functioning, may prevent the brains of active humans from deteriorating.

As part of the same study, Teresa Seeman, a social epidemiologist at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, found a connection between self-esteem and stress in people over 70. In laboratory simulations of challenging activities such as driving, those who felt in control of their lives pumped out lower levels of stress hormones such as cortisol. Chronically high levels of these hormones have been linked to heart disease.

But independence can have drawbacks. Seeman found that elderly people who felt emotionally isolated maintained higher levels of stress hormones even when asleep. The research suggests that older people fare best when they feel independent but know they can get help when they need it.

‘Like much research into aging, these results support common sense,’ says Seeman. They also show that we may be underestimating the impact of these simple factors. ‘The sort of thing that your grandmother always told you turns out to be right on target,’ she says.

Question 14-22

complete the summary using the list of words. A-Q, below. Write the correct letter, A-Q in boxes 14-22 on your answers sheet.

Research carried out by scientists in the United States has shown that the proportion of people over 65 suffering from the most commonage-related medical problems is (14)................... and that the speed of this change is (15)................ It also seems that these diseases are affecting people (16)...................... in life than they did in the past. This is largely due to developments in (17)................. but other factors such as improved (18)....................... may also be playing a part increases in some other illnesses may be due to changes in personal habits and to (19).................... The research establishes a link between levels of (20).................... and life expectancy. It also shows the there has been a considerable reduction in the number of elderly people who are (21).................... Which means that the (22)...................... involved in supporting this section of the population may be less than previously predicted.

A. Cost	B. failing	C. technology	D. undernourished	E. earlier
F. later	g. disabled	H. more	I. increasing	J. nutrition
K. education	L. constant	M. medicine	N. pollution	O. environmental
P. health	Q. independent

 Question 23-26 

Look at the following Questions 23-26 and the list of descriptions below.

Match each question with the correct description, A-H.
Write the correct letter, A-H, in boxes11-13 on your answers sheet.

23. Home medical aids
24. Regular amounts exercise
25. A feeling of control over life
26. Feelings of loneliness

List of Descriptions

A. may cause heart disease
B. can be helped by hormones treatment
C. may cause rises in levels of stress hormones.
D. have cost the United States government more than $200 billion.
E. may helo prevent mental decline.
F. may get stronger at night.
G. allows old people to be more independent.
H. can reduce stress in difficult situations.

Numeration Reading Answers IELTS Cambridge 6 Test 2 Reading Answers 

Reading Answers Passage

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage below.

Numeration

One of the first great intellectual feats of a young child is learning how to talk, closely followed by learning how to count. From earliest childhood, we are so bound up with our system of numeration that it is a feat of imagination to consider the problems faced by early humans who had not yet developed this facility. Careful consideration of our system of numeration leads to the conviction that, rather than being a facility that comes naturally to a person, it is one of the great and remarkable achievements of the human race.

It is impossible to learn the sequence of events that led to our developing the concept of number. Even the earliest of tribes had a system of numeration that, if not advanced, was sufficient for the tasks that they had to perform. Our ancestors had little use for actual numbers; instead, their considerations would have been more of the kind Is this enough? rather than He many? when they were engaged in food gathering, for example. However, when early humans first began to reflect on the nature of things around them, they discovered that they needed an idea of numbers simply to keep their thoughts in order. As they began to settle, grow plants and herd animals, the need for a sophisticated number system became paramount. It will never be known how and when this numeration ability developed, but it is certain that numeration was well developed by the time humans had formed even semipermanent settlements.

Evidence of early stages of arithmetic and numeration can be readily found. The indigenous peoples of Tasmania were only able to count one, two, many; those of South Africa counted one, two, two, and one, two twos, two twos and one, and so on. But in real situations, the number and words are often accompanied by gestures to help resolve any confusion. For example, when using the one, two, many types of system, the word many would mean, Look my hands and see how many fingers 1 am showing you. This basic approach is limited in the range of numbers that it can express, but this range will generally suffice when dealing with the simpler aspects of human existence.

The lack of ability of some cultures to deal with large numbers is not really surprising. European languages, when traced back to their earlier version, are very poor in number words and expressions. The ancient Gothic word for ten, each und, is used to express the number 100 as tachund tachund. By the seventh century, the word on had become interchangeable with each und or hund of the Anglo-Saxon language, and so 100 was denoted as hund contig, or ten times ten. The average person in the seventh century in Europe was not as familiar with numbers as we are today. In fact, to qualify as a witness in a court law a man had to be able to count to nine!

Perhaps the most fundamental step in developing a sense of number is not the ability to count, but rather to see that a number is really an abstract idea instead of a simple attachment to a group of particular objects. It must have been within the grasp of the earliest humans to conceive that four birds are distinct from two birds; however, it is not an elementary step to associate the number 4, as connected with four birds, to the number 4, as connected with four rocks. Associating a number as one of the qualities of a specific object is a great hindrance to the development of a true number sense. When the number 4 can be registered in the mind as a specific word, independent of the object being referenced, the individual is ready to take the first step toward the development of a notational system for numbers and, from there, to arithmetic.

Traces of the very first stages in the development of numeration can be seen in several living languages today. The numeration system of the Tsimshian language in British Columbia contains seven distinct sets of words for numbers according to the class of the item being counted: for counting flat objects and animals, for round objects and time, for people, for long objects and trees, for canoes, for measures, and for counting when no particular object is being enumerated. It seems that the last is a later development while the first six groups show the relics of an older system. This diversity of number names can also be found in some widely used languages such as Japanese.

Intermixed with the development of a number sense is the development of an ability to count. Counting is not directly related to the formation of a number concept because it is possible to count by matching the items being counted. against a group of pebbles, grains of corn, or the counter’s fingers. These aids would have been indispensable to very early people who would have found the process impossible without some form of a mechanical aid. Such aids, while different, are still used even by the most educated in today’s society due to their convenience. AII counting ultimately involves reference to something other than the things being counted. At first, it may have been grains or pebbles but now it is a memorized sequence of words that happen to be the names of the numbers.

Questions 27-31

Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-G, below.
Write the correct letter, A-G,in boxes 27-31on your answer sheet.

27 A developed system of numbering
28 An additional hand signal
29 In seventh-century Europe, the ability to count to a certain number
30 Thinking about numbers as concepts separate from physical objects
31 Expressing number differently according to a class of item

A was necessary in order to fulfill the ill civic role.
B was necessary when people began farming.
C was necessary for the development of arithmetic.
D persists in all societies.
E was used when the range of a number of words was restricted.
F can be traced back to early European languages.
G was a characteristic of early numeration systems.

Questions 32-40

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?
In boxes 32-40 on your answer sheet.write

TRUE
FALSE
NOT GIVEN

if the s statement is true according to the passage
if the statement is false according to the passage
if the statement is not given int he passage

32 For the earliest tribes, the concept of  sufficiency was more important  than the concept  of
quantity.
33 lndigenoL1s Tasma11ians used 011ly four tern1s to indicate numbers of objects.
34 Some peoples with simple number systems use body language to prevent misunderstanding of
expressions of number.
35 All cultures have been able to express large numbers clearly.
36 The word ·t11ousand' has Anglo-Saxon origins.
37Ingenerol.peoplein seventh-century Europe hod poor counting ability.
38 In the Tsimsl1ian language, the number of for long objects and canoes is expressed with the same
word.
39 The Tsimshian language contains both older and newer systems of count ng.
40 Early peoples found 1t easier to count by using their fingers rather than a group of pebbles.

Advantages of public transport Reading Answers 

IELTS Cambridge 6 Test 2 Reading Answers

1. ii
2. vii
3. iv
4. i
5. iii
6. false
7. true
8. not given
9. false
10. true
11. F
12. D
13. C

Advantages of public transport Reading Answers 

IELTS Cambridge 6 Test 2 Reading Answers and Explanation

Question 1-5:

1. ii (para A, line 3-7: ―Portland, Oregon, a perfect example of this. Some years ago, federal money build a new road. However, local pressure groups forced a referendum over M the money on light rail instead. The rail proposal won and the railway worked In the years that have followed, more and more rail systems have been put lfl, changing the nature of 

the city.‖) 

2. vii (para B, last 2 lines: ―destination. However, public infrastructure did not keep pace 

with urban sprawl, causing massive congestion problems which now make commuting 

times far higher.‖) 

3. iv (para C, first 2 lines: ―There is a widespread belief that increasing wealth encourages people to live farther out cars are the only viable transport. The example of European cities refutes that. They are often‖) 

4. i (para D, last 2 lines: ―everyone into the city centre was not the best approach. Instead, 

the proposal advocated the creation of urban villages at hundreds of sites, mostly around 

railway stations‖) 

5. iii (para E, line 2-5: ―the population as people were no longer forced into cities. However, the ISTP team's research demonstrates that the population and job density of cities rose or remained constant in the 1980s after decades of decline. The explanation for this 

seems to be that it is valuable m the people working in related fields together‖) 

Question 6-10: 

6. FALSE (para 1, line 3: ―The study compared the proportion of wealth poured into 

transport by thirty-seven cities around the world.‖) 

7. TRUE (para 2, last 2 lines: ―ISTP Director, pointed out that these more efficient cities 

were able to put the difference into attracting industry and jobs or creating a better place 

to live.‖) 

8. NOT GIVEN 

9. FALSE (para 3, last 2 lines: ―The explosion in demand for accommodation in the inner 

suburbs of Melbourne suggests a recent change in many people's preferences as to where 

they live.‖) 

10. TRUE (para 5: ―Bicycle use was not included in the study but Newman noted that the 

two most ‗bicycle friendly‗ cities considered — Amsterdam and Copenhagen - were very 

efficient, even though their public transport systems were ‗reasonable but not special') 

Question 11-13: 

11. F (para 2, first 2 lines: ―The study found that the Western Australian city of Perth is a 

good example of a city with minimal public transport. As a result, 17% of its wealth went 

into transport costs‖) 

12. D (para 7, first 3 lines: ―When it comes to other physical features, road lobbies are on stronger ground. For example, Newman accepts it would be hard for a city as hilly as 

Auckland to develop a really good rail network.‖) 

13. C (para A, line 3-7: ―Portland, Oregon, a perfect example of this. Some years ago, federal money build a new road. However, local pressure groups forced a referendum over M the money on light rail instead. The rail proposal won and the railway worked In the years that have followed, more and more rail systems have been put lfl, changing the nature of 

the city.‖) 

Greying Population Stays In The Pink Reading Answers 

IELTS Cambridge 6 Test 2 reading Answers

14. falling

15. increasing

16. later

17. medicine

18. nutrition

19. pollution

20. education

21. disabled

22. cost

23. G

24. E

25. H

26. C

Question 14-22: 

14. B - falling 

15. I - increasing (para 2, last 4 lines: ―circulation problems - the major medical complaints in this age group — are troubling a smaller proportion every year. And the data confirms that the rate at which these diseases are declining continues to accelerate. Other diseases of old age — dementia, stroke, arteriosclerosis, and emphysema - are also troubling fewer and 

fewer people‖) 

16. F - later (para 3, last 2 lines: ―doctors accepted as normal in a 65-year-old in 1982 are 

often not appearing until people '- are 70 or 75‖) 

17. M - medicine 

18. J - nutrition 

(para 4, first 2 lines: ―Clearly, certain diseases are beating a retreat in the face of medical advances. But there may be other contributing factors. Improvements in childhood 

nutrition in the first quarter of‖) 

19. N - pollution (para 5, lines 2-3: ―some illnesses. An increase in some cancers and 

bronchitis may reflect changing smoking habits and poorer air quality says the 

researchers.‖) 

20. K - education (para 6, first 2 lines: ―One interesting correlation Manton uncovered is that 

better-educated people are likely to live longer.‖) 

21. G - disabled 

22. A - cost (para 7, line 6-8: ―researchers calculate there would be an additional one million disabled elderly people in ". today's population. According to Manton, slowing the trend has saved the United States government's Medicare system more than $200 billion, 

suggesting that the greying of‖) 

Question 23-26: 

23. G (para 8, first 2 lines: ―The increasing self-reliance of many elderly people is probably 

linked to a massive increase in the use of simple home medical aids.‖) 

24. E (para 9, the first line: ―Maintaining a level of daily physical activity may help mental 

functioning, says Carl Cotman‖) 

25. H (para 10, line 3-4: ―people over 70. In laboratory simulations of challenging activities 

such as driving, those who felt in control of their lives pumped out lower levels of stress 

hormones such as cortisol.‖) 

26. C (para 11, first 2 lines: ―But independence can have drawbacks. Seeman found that 

elderly people who felt emotionally isolated maintained higher levels of stress hormones 

even when asleep.‖) 

Numeration Reading Answers 

IELTS Cambridge 6 Test 2 Reading Answers 

27. B

28. E

29. A

30. C

31. G

32. true

33. false

34. true

35. false

36. not given

37. true

38. false

39. true

40. not given

Numeration Reading Answers 

IELTS Cambridge 6 Test 2 Reading Answers With Explanation

Question 27-31: 

27. B (para 2, last 5 lines: ―needed an idea of a number simply to keep their thought in order. 

As they began to settle, grow plants and herd animals, the need for a sophisticated number system became paramount. It will never be known how and when this numeration ability developed, but it is certain that numeration was well developed by the 

time humans had formed even semi-permanent settlements.‖) 

28. E (para 3, last 4 lines: ―examples, when using the one, two, many types of system, the word many would mean, look at my hands and see how many fingers I am showing you. This basic approach is limited in the range of number that it can express, but this range 

will generally suffice when dealing with the simpler aspects of human existence.‖) 

29. A (para 4, last 3 lines: ―denoted as hund teontig, or ten times ten. The average person in the seventh century in Europe was not as familiar with numbers as we are today. In fact, 

to qualify as a witness in a court of law a man had to be able to count to nine!‖) 

30. C (para 5, last 3 lines: ―a specific word, independent of the object being referenced, the individual is ready to take the first step toward the development of a notational system for numbers and, from there, to arithmetic.‖) 

31. G (para 6, line 2-6: ―languages today. The numeration system of the Tsimshian language 

in British Columbia contains seven distinct sets of words for numbers according to the class of the item being counted: for counting flat objects and animals, for round objects and time, for people, for long objects and trees, for canoes, for measures, and for 

counting when no particular object is being numerated‖) 

Question 32-40: 

32. TRUE (para 2, line 2-5: ―number. Even the earliest of tribes had a system of numeration that, if not advanced, was sufficient for the tasks that they had to perform. Our ancestors had little use for the actual number instead their consideration would have been more of the kind Is this enough? Rather than How many? When they are engaged in food gathering, for example, .‖) 

33. FALSE (para 3, first 3 lines: ―Evidence of early stages of arithmetic and numeration can be readily found. The indigenous people of Tasmania were only able to count one, two, many; those of South Africa counted one, two, two and one, two, twos and one and so 

on.‖) 

34. TRUE (para 3, lines 3-4: ―one, two, two, and one, two, twos and one and so on. But in real situations, the number and words are often accompanied by gestures to help resolve any confusion.‖) 

35. FALSE (para 4, first 3 lines: ―The lack of ability of some cultures to deal with large numbers is not really surprising. Europe language, when traced back to their earlier 

version, are poor in number words and expressions.‖) 

36. NOT GIVEN 

37. TRUE (para 4, line 6-7: ―denoted as hund teontig, or ten times ten. The average person in the seventh century in Europe was not as familiar with numbers as we are today‖) 

38. FALSE (para 5, line 2-6: ―languages today. The numeration system of the Tsimshian 

language in British Columbia contains seven distinct sets of words for numbers according 

to the class of the item being counted: for counting flat objects and animals, for round 

objects and time, for people, for long objects and trees, for canoes, for measures, and for 

counting when no particular object is being numerated‖) 

39. TRUE (para 5, line 6-7: ―being numerated. It seems that the last is a later development while the first six groups show the relics of an older system. This diversity of number names can also be found in some widely‖) 

40. NOT GIVEN